Transparency

Our data sources

Every POINOVA data point comes from an official or public source, sourced and verifiable. Every figure carries its source and its date, and when a figure is an estimate we say so. The coverage and the level of detail vary by country and by city: some markets and larger cities have more data layers than others.

100% official sources
Zero made-up data
Cited in every report
Ongoing verification and updates

United Kingdom

Available

ONS

Office for National Statistics (ONS)

Official demographics for England and Wales by LSOA: population, income, age and sex, education, unemployment, activity, households and tenure (2021 Census and income estimates).

DemographicsIncome2021 Census · OGL v3.0

NRS

National Records of Scotland (NRS)

Official demographics for Scotland by Data Zone: population, age and sex, education, unemployment, activity, households and tenure (2022 Census).

Demographics2022 Census · OGL v3.0

NISRA

Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA)

Official demographics for Northern Ireland by Data Zone: population, age and sex, education, unemployment, activity, households and tenure (2021 Census).

Demographics2021 Census · OGL v3.0

Overture Maps

Overture Maps Foundation (Meta, Microsoft, Foursquare and others)

Millions of street-level businesses and points of interest across the United Kingdom: shops, food and drink, local services, hotels and offices.

BusinessesCompetitionCDLA/Apache/CC0

OpenStreetMap

OpenStreetMap contributors

Points of interest and road network, as a complement to the Overture business data.

Points of interestODbL

ONS Postcode Directory

ONS, Ordnance Survey and Royal Mail (OGL v3.0)

Places the addresses in your files from Great Britain on the map by their postcode, not by the street number. Those in Northern Ireland and those without a postcode are placed with OpenStreetMap.

Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2026. Contains Royal Mail data © Royal Mail copyright and database right 2026. Source: Office for National Statistics licensed under the Open Government Licence v.3.0.

AddressesOfficialOGL v3.0

Postal codes

Ordnance Survey and ONS (OGL v3.0)

Postcode boundaries for Great Britain, which split the large cities by postcode. Great Britain only.

GeographyOGL v3.0

Official demographics (ONS, NRS and NISRA) and businesses and competition (Overture Maps and OpenStreetMap) cover the whole of the United Kingdom: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Small area income is available in England and Wales.

France

Available

INSEE

Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques

Official demographics (population, age and sex from the 2022 Census) and income per consumption unit (Filosofi), by IRIS zone and commune.

DemographicsIncome2022 Census · Annual

IGN

Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière

Official geographic boundaries for the whole of France: IRIS zones, communes, departments and regions.

Geography2024 Boundaries

Base Adresse Nationale

IGN (Licence Ouverte 2.0)

France's official address database: we use it to place the addresses in your files on the map, on our own server. Source: Base Adresse Nationale (IGN). We use the most recent copy we have loaded and refresh it every month.

AddressesOfficialLicence Ouverte 2.0

SIRENE

INSEE's SIRENE Database

Official register of establishments: the name, activity and location of every business in France.

BusinessesLicence Ouverte 2.0

OpenStreetMap

OpenStreetMap contributors

Points of interest, competitors and road network for walking, cycling and driving isochrones.

Points of interestIsochrones

Postal codes

La Poste, OpenStreetMap and D. Andrieu (ODbL)

Postal code boundaries for France, splitting large cities by postal code.

GeographyODbL

DVF

Demandes de valeurs foncières (DGFiP)

Real sale prices of every property transaction in France.

Sale priceLicence Ouverte

INSEE

Household composition (INSEE)

Household types by area: single people, couples with or without children, single-parent families.

Hogares2022 Census

INSEE BPE

Base Permanente des Équipements (INSEE)

Facilities and services by area: education, health, retail, sport, transport and local services.

FacilitiesLicence Ouverte 2.0

Official INSEE demographics (IRIS zones and communes), businesses and competitors (SIRENE) and walking, cycling and driving isochrones cover the whole of France. Some city-specific data are switched on city by city.

Spain

Available

INE

Spanish National Statistics Institute

Demographic and socio-economic data at municipal and census-tract level: 2021 Population Census and Household Income Atlas.

DemographicsIncome2021 Census · Annual Atlas

Continuous Population Register

INE · Town councils

Registered population by municipality and neighbourhood: age, sex, origin and trends.

Population2024 Municipal Register

Municipal premises registers

Town councils (Open Data Barcelona, Madrid…)

Official register of ground-floor premises and activities: active businesses by area, openings and closures.

BusinessesOpenings and closuresBCN 2024 · Madrid ongoing

CartoCiudad

IGN-CNIG (CC BY 4.0)

Spain's official geocoder: turns the addresses in your files into precise coordinates.

AddressesOfficial

Mossos d'Esquadra

© Generalitat de Catalunya · Mossos d'Esquadra (open data, attribution required)

Crime data by district (Barcelona) for the area's safety indicator. Only shown when official data exists; never estimated.

CrimeSafetyBarcelonaUpdated regularly

OpenStreetMap

© OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL)

Points of interest, businesses and the road network for competition, environment and catchment-area analysis (isochrones on foot, by bike or by car).

POIsCompetitionIsochronesOngoing

DGT

Dirección General de Tráfico

Vehicle fleet by municipality across Spain: cars, environmental label (0/ECO) and electrified vehicles.

VehiclesLey 37/2007

Ministerio del Interior

Origen de los datos: Portal Estadístico de Criminalidad (Ministerio del Interior)

Recorded offences per 1,000 inhabitants and how they changed from the previous year, for the area safety indicator. The ministry publishes municipalities above 20,000 inhabitants; elsewhere the real provincial average is used.

CrimeSafetyNationwideLey 37/2007

Ministerio de Vivienda

Fuente: Ministerio de Vivienda y Agenda Urbana (valor tasado y SERPAVI)

Sale price in euros per square metre and reference rent in euros per square metre per month, by municipality. Where the municipality is not published, its provincial average is used.

Sale priceRentNationwideLey 37/2007

Movilidad MITMS

Basado en datos abiertos del Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible

Daily footfall measured from anonymised mobile phone data, and where visitors come from: how much arrives from outside the municipality and their home cities. It is measured footfall, not estimated, and carries the date of the working day it was calculated with.

FootfallCatchmentNationwideMITMA open data

Ministerio de Sanidad

Catálogo Nacional de Hospitales (Ministerio de Sanidad)

Hospital beds per 1,000 inhabitants of the municipality: the area’s health provision, which brings in staff, patients and visitors every day.

HealthNationwideLey 37/2007

Seguridad Social

Seguridad Social - TGSS (Tesorería General de la Seguridad Social)

People in employment registered in the municipality, per 1,000 inhabitants, and how that changed from the previous year: the jobs the area draws in each day, which are not the same as those of the people who live there.

EmploymentNationwideLey 37/2007

What data each city has

En toda España tenemos la demografía oficial hasta la sección censal, los negocios y la competencia, las isócronas a pie, bici y coche, el parque de vehículos por municipio, la afluencia medida con telefonía móvil y el NovaScore. Lo que cambia de una ciudad a otra son dos cosas: los barrios reales, que tenemos en más de cien municipios, y el comercio del censo municipal oficial, que solo publican Barcelona y Madrid.

BarcelonaMaximum depth
Official demographics (population, income, age, education, unemployment, households and nationality from the 2021 Census and the INE income atlas), businesses and competition (OpenStreetMap) and walking, cycling and driving isochrones. It also includes real neighbourhoods and the official municipal commerce census, which is more complete than OpenStreetMap and states the exact activity of each business. On top of that: nationality by neighbourhood, year of construction from the cadastre, market price by neighbourhood and pets.
MadridMaximum depth
Official demographics (population, income, age, education, unemployment, households and nationality from the 2021 Census and the INE income atlas), businesses and competition (OpenStreetMap) and walking, cycling and driving isochrones. It also includes real neighbourhoods and the official municipal commerce census, which is more complete than OpenStreetMap and states the exact activity of each business. On top of that: pets.
SevillaReal neighbourhoods
Official demographics (population, income, age, education, unemployment, households and nationality from the 2021 Census and the INE income atlas), businesses and competition (OpenStreetMap) and walking, cycling and driving isochrones. It also includes the city council's real neighbourhoods, so you can analyse by neighbourhood and not only by census tract. Businesses come from OpenStreetMap, as in the rest of Spain: only Barcelona and Madrid publish a municipal commerce census.
ValènciaReal neighbourhoods
Official demographics (population, income, age, education, unemployment, households and nationality from the 2021 Census and the INE income atlas), businesses and competition (OpenStreetMap) and walking, cycling and driving isochrones. It also includes the city council's real neighbourhoods, so you can analyse by neighbourhood and not only by census tract. Businesses come from OpenStreetMap, as in the rest of Spain: only Barcelona and Madrid publish a municipal commerce census.
BilbaoReal neighbourhoods
Official demographics (population, income, age, education, unemployment, households and nationality from the 2021 Census and the INE income atlas), businesses and competition (OpenStreetMap) and walking, cycling and driving isochrones. It also includes the city council's real neighbourhoods, so you can analyse by neighbourhood and not only by census tract. Businesses come from OpenStreetMap, as in the rest of Spain: only Barcelona and Madrid publish a municipal commerce census.
ZaragozaReal neighbourhoods
Official demographics (population, income, age, education, unemployment, households and nationality from the 2021 Census and the INE income atlas), businesses and competition (OpenStreetMap) and walking, cycling and driving isochrones. It also includes the city council's real neighbourhoods, so you can analyse by neighbourhood and not only by census tract. Businesses come from OpenStreetMap, as in the rest of Spain: only Barcelona and Madrid publish a municipal commerce census.
Rest of SpainBase coverage
Official demographics (population, income, age, education, unemployment, households and nationality from the 2021 Census and the INE income atlas), businesses and competition (OpenStreetMap) and walking, cycling and driving isochrones. On top of that: census tracts, the finest detail the INE publishes, across the whole country, real neighbourhoods in more than a hundred municipalities, and the vehicle fleet by municipality (DGT). The municipal commerce census and pet data are switched on city by city: for now, Barcelona and Madrid.

Belgium

Available

Statbel

Belgian statistical office (Statbel)

Official demographics by statistical sector: population, income, age and sex, education, unemployment, activity, households and tenure (2021 Census and fiscal income).

DemographicsIncome2021 Census · CC BY 4.0

Statbel Inmobiliario

Statbel real-estate prices (notary data)

Median sale price of houses and apartments per municipality across Belgium.

Sale priceCC BY 4.0

BeST Address

FPS BOSA (CC BY 4.0)

Belgium's official federal address register: we use it to place the addresses in your files on the map, on our own server. Source: BeST Address from FPS BOSA, with the address registers of Flanders (Digitaal Vlaanderen), Wallonia (SPW, ICAR) and Brussels (Paradigm, UrbIS). We refresh it every week.

AddressesOfficialCC BY 4.0

OpenStreetMap

OpenStreetMap contributors

Points of interest and road network for the walking, cycling and driving isochrones.

Points of interestODbLIsochrones

Overture Maps

Overture Maps Foundation (Meta, Microsoft, Foursquare and others)

Hundreds of thousands of street-level businesses and points of interest across Belgium: shops, food and drink, local services, hotels and offices.

BusinessesCompetitionCDLA/Apache/CC0

Statbel Geografía

Statbel statistical sectors

Official boundaries of the statistical sectors, Belgium's finest level (more detailed than the municipality).

GeographyCC BY 4.0

Official Statbel demographics (by statistical sector), property prices by municipality, businesses and competition (Overture Maps and OpenStreetMap) and walking, cycling and driving isochrones cover the whole of Belgium. More city-specific data is switched on city by city.

Rest of the world

General data

Beyond our official-data markets, we still give you a useful baseline at any point on the planet: estimated population, competition and catchment areas. Official in-depth demographics arrive with each new country.

Kontur Population

Kontur (CC BY 4.0)

Worldwide estimated population on a ~400 m grid, so you know how many people live around a point even where no official census is loaded yet.

PopulationMundialUpdated regularly

OpenStreetMap

© OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL)

Points of interest, shops and road network worldwide: competition, surroundings and catchment areas (walking, cycling or driving isochrones) in any city.

POIsCompetitionIsochronesOngoing

Cartografía base

OpenStreetMap · Protomaps · Natural Earth

The worldwide map you work on is our own and commercially licensed: streets, boundaries and relief of the whole planet.

MapaMundial

More coverage on the way

In preparation

We keep extending the coverage. When a market goes live it appears above with all its official sources, one by one, and it is included in every plan at no extra cost.

Do you need a particular market sooner? Email us and we'll prioritise it.